Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Industrial Revolution A Bad Habit Starter for Humans
The industrial revolution was a bad habit starter for humans. This revolution into the modern world created some bad habits that are detrimental to the earths quality in many aspects, such as biodiversity or the variant of living things each organism contributing to the ecosystem no matter how small, the rapidly increase in deforestation causing a loss of biodiversity plus more and more soil degradation which happens to affect the water quality and quantity. These problems can all be traced back to the industrial revolution as it started a habit of these things and also expanding our life expectancy making so we needed more and more materials making companies in turn to increase the amount they do it. There are certain ways we can combat these habits and change for the better. If we are looking to change it might help to look back in time and see past attempts that failed to help us and the possible outcomes if we had listened to the acts that came and passed over time. Air pollution can be dated back to early as the thirteenth century as King Edward I had threatened his people of london with large penalties for those who continued to burn sea-coal though this threat had little effect amongst the people of london it was one of the earliest concerns for the environment and if taken more seriously King Edward the first might have shaped a very different world than the one we know. King Edward the first would had to deal out massive punishment if he was around during theShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 PagesAcknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx Chapter 1 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Introduction What is organization theory? Defining theory What are organizations? 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Sunday, December 15, 2019
A Growing Problem in the United States Free Essays
Stating this proves that it schools are a in the epidemic. The epidemic is increasing and part of it rising is the schools fault. There are thousands and thousands of children who become obese from eating school lunch. We will write a custom essay sample on A Growing Problem in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now School lunches are very high in the calories. Their lunches are very unhealthy. It doesnââ¬â¢t only make children become obese or overweight. It also ruins their health, and that is very bad. Also according to the mnn. om website ââ¬Å"those who regularly ate the school lunch were 29 percent more likely to become obese that those who packed their own. â⬠By learning this we know children who eat lunch has a greater percent to becoming obese. Also learning this proves that school lunch is very unhealthy. Therefore I think schools should pay attention to how their school lunch affects a childââ¬â¢s weight. Vending machines and chool stores sell too much high calorie snacks and drinks. This needs to stop because this is another reason why childhood obesity increases from schools. I think the vending machines and the school stores need to have healthier snacks and drinks. President Obama says ââ¬Å"Removing unhealthy high-calorie snacks and drinks from schools is a important step toward tackling the nationââ¬â¢s childhood obesity epidemic. â⬠What president Obama is basically saying is that removing snacks and drinks will help to lessen childhood obesity in America. Removing is way to lessen our big trouble with children weight. Removing unhealthy snacks and drinks could give America to decrease childhood obesity. Also president Obama said ââ¬Å"the sale of unhealthy high-calorie snacks and drinks in school vending machines undermines these etto rts to ensure access to healthy and nutritious t in schools â⬠Basically president Obama is trying to say selling these high calorie snacks and drinks is not supporting the decrease in childhood obesity schools should not sell unhealthy things to children. I think schools should sell healthy snacks and drinks because the students can benefit in school and use it in their daily lives. For example maybe if they eat healthy in school it will encourage the kids to eat healthy outside of school and if they eat healthy they donââ¬â¢t have to worry about become obese or overweight. This gives a child a better way not to become obese or overweight. As a conclusion to this I think schools should decrease the amount of calories that are in their snacks and drinks. They should make the snacks and drinks healthier. I believe schools should wake up and look and start having more physical activities. Children in America are too overweight and they should start having more physical activity and exercise. The perfect way for kids to exercise is at school with all their friends and for them to have fun while doing it. According to Kelly D ââ¬Å"obesity is but one of many problems brought on by poor diet and lack of physical activity. â⬠(Page 142) Exercise is very important way to prevent obesity. So school is Just the right place to provide children a way to prevent obesity. Children can exercise 45 minutes a day. That way children have a better chance to not end up being obese or overweight. According to Kiess W, Marcus, Claud and Wabitsch ââ¬Å"physical activity is one of the most important factors for therapy and prevention of obesity in children. Physical activity is a graet prevention for childhood obesity. This is another good way for children to exercise in school. It gives people who are obese a chance to not be obese anymore. Physical activity is a great and easy way to become normal in weigh. It also keeps people healthy. Children can practice all kinds of physical activities. They can have fun while doing physical activity. They can have fun exercising at the same time practicing to be healthy. Physical activity is very easy and healthy way to prevent obesity. Also the cdc. com website states that physical activity helps reduce the risk of eveloping obesity. So if you can exercise often there is a greater chance that youââ¬â¢re not likely to become obese then a person who eats the same as you and does not exercise. So the more you exercise the better. As a result schools should open more physical activities because if they do the amount of child hood obesity will lessen. The three ways that schools can help with childhood obesity giving healthier school lunch, lessening the high calorie snacks and drinks, and adding more physical activities in schools. I think schools need healthier lunch because childrenââ¬â¢s weight can be decreased. I also think he high calorie snacks and drinks need to be lessened in vending machines and school stores. I also think there should be more physical activities its easy and its fun. Childhood obesity need to b decreased now and schools can help. They need to give healthier lunch, decrease the amount of high calorie drinks and snacks, and they also need to add more physical activities. Childhood obesity is a big social issue in America and we can make it decreased if we get the schools involved. So we need to start as soon as possible because the rising of childhood obesity is not looking good. So letââ¬â¢s get schools involved now. How to cite A Growing Problem in the United States, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Compassion In Teaching free essay sample
In Teaching? Towards Compassionate Teaching, an article by Anna B. Pennell, describes her opinions on what should be the prevalent psyche among frontline teachers. Specifics are outlined, not all of which I agree. I will attempt to rebut some of Pennellââ¬â¢s assertions regarding the playground incident she describes and other examples stated. Compassion is a natural part of life for most of us average humans (excluding certain sociopathic individuals). But Pennellââ¬â¢s playground narrative points to inadequacies in her fellow teachers that in other ways of seeing could shine a light of inadequacy upon herself. Let me specify my issue with Pennellââ¬â¢s assertion. She tells of how the ââ¬Å"othersâ⬠were neglecting their duties and being irresponsible by not watching their charges. In my opinion, Pennellââ¬â¢s own behavior was somewhat disturbing. She rushed into a fight between two fifth grade students we can assume she did not know (she taught second grade). We will write a custom essay sample on Compassion? In Teaching? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I looked for the quote that says something about fools rushing in where wise men fear to tread but couldnââ¬â¢t find it. One of the fight participants was at least as big as she and in her description ââ¬Å"strongâ⬠. Many scenarios could have unfolded that could have placed the author in serious trouble. A left hook could have knocked her out, leaving her students unattended. The struggle to restrain the larger boy could have resulted in the smaller boy pulling a knife and injuring him. At this I end the shoulda and coulda. But I make the point thus, Pennell points to the errors of others without any awareness of her own mistakes. The sheer superiority in her own account, in my opinion, points to the fact that she is not strong in the act of self reflection. Pennell launches into a discourse about compassion, suffering and meaning. But does all of this caring constitute what a teacher is hired to do? Caring is innate to most of us but the entire compassion argument goes too far. As a male in middle grades, too much caring can be looked upon with upturned eyebrows. Heck, with all of the female teachers running away with their students, I may have assumed wrongly that only males are eyed for suspicion. The web site www. worldnetdaily lists well over 100 female teachers who had affairs with their minor students. While the subject of this paper is not passion in the schools but compassion, I use these cringe-worthy examples to lead to a point. There needs to be a healthy disconnect within the student-teacher relationship. For the relationship to become too familiar is as unhealthy as it would be to be too disconnected. I was glad to hear others in class discussing their feelings about how we were to be teachers and not pastors, not counselors and not parents. The teacher on the frontline is not qualified to council. Religion is a subject fraught with troubles. The parents should be that as no one else is. I must confess that this has not often been my favorite class because the open discussion forum allows for the outspoken conservatives to voice views that cause smoke to come from my ears. But that particular discussion at that time really enlightened me that others share a lot of the same thoughts, doubts and fears as I.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers Essay Example
Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers Essay 1. Introduction It is the job of a marketer to realise, understand and effectively make use of how a customer can best provide the business with the profit that it strives for. As marketing in the 21st century has moved away form traditional offensive strategies and moving towards defensive strategies where pull factors become vital when attracting and maintaining customers. A customer will purchase a product or service for a number of reasons, all however, are to satisfy the customers need or want at that moment in time. If we can understand what motivates the customer to purchase we can start to understand how and why the customer becomes one of the businesses biggest asset as it is the customer who affects the bottom line measures of success, namely profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Service quality and customer satisfaction are important to marketers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to analyse the title statement and ascertain outcomes and conclusions this paper will examine both classical and modern day literature making reference to how the areas of service quality, satisfaction and customer retention have been focused upon in academia. This paper shall endeavor to highlight any relevance links between these areas of business whilst answering the question of the statements validity in modern-day business. Breaking down the title quote will allow us to compare and contrast past literature on the subject and how they relate to each other. 2. Service Quality Berry et al (1988) defines service quality: Service quality can often make the difference between a businesss success and failure and Quality is conformance to customer specifications; it is the customers definition of quality, not managements that counts. These quotes put in context the importance of service quality and how important it is to focus on the customer when aiming to create this quality in service. Berry et al (1988) describe service quality as being a major differentiator for businesses as well as being a powerful competitive weapon. There has been overwhelming literature on the subject of service quality on the past two decades. Gronroos (1984) explains a customers perception of service quality: it is reasonable to state that the perceived quality of a given service will be the outcome of an evaluation process, where the consumer compares his expectations with the service he perceives he has received, i.e. he puts the perceive service against the expected service. The result if this process will be perceived quality of the service. If a customer enters the market place with low expectations of the service he or she is about to experience it is likely that if the service is better than expected the perceived level of quality of service will be high. Similarly, if expectations are high it is going to be harder for the supplier to meet the customers expectations. The service quality cannot simply be determined by the organization, it must come from the customer. If the supplier can realize what the customer wants, and more importantly, what the customer expects, it can use this information when attempting to serve the customer. Gronroos (1984) goes on to describe Technical and Functional quality, see The Service Quality Model figure 1 below: The technical quality is the outcome of the transactional. This is what the customer attempts to find when entering the market place and seeks to satisfy the original want or need. The functional quality is how well the service does its job and is what contributes to the quality of the service. Once the technical and functional qualities are added to the image of the service the customer can start to evaluate its service quality. The image of the organization and the image of service itself can dramatically affect the way in which the customer perceives the overall service quality. Gronroos (1984) also explains that: image may be a quality dimension. If a consumer believes that he goes to a good restaurant and the meal, for instance is not perfect, or the behaviour of the waiter is irritating, he may still find the perceived service satisfactory. Zeithaml and Bitner (p.92, 2003) explain how consumers judge service quality: Over the years service researchers have suggested that consumers judge the quality of services based on their perceptions of the technical outcome provided, the process by which that outcome was delivered, and the quality of the physical surroundings where the service is delivered. The Interactions Qualities are the qualities that the organization attempts to serve the customer with, such response times and the ability to communicate clearly with the customer. Any combination of the five factors above contribute to how the customer perceives the service quality he or she receives during the interaction between them and the organization. The Physical Surroundings that the customer is aware of is another quality that contributes to service quality. This can be as simple as a comfortable chair for the customer to sit on whilst he or she is dealing with the organization the perception of a customers surroundings can influence a customers overall perception of service quality. An example of this would be Nike Town where the whole where the customer is encouraged to fully engage in the shopping experience as it becomes a day out offering customers to perceive excellent quality service. The Outcome Qualities are what gets the customers attention and what the customer wants to get out of the interaction with the organization. For example, if a customer wanted a jacket to be dry-cleaned the clean jacket would be the outcome quality. Again, the five factors listed above make up an overall perception for the customer on the outcome quality. Parasuraman, et al (1985) describe how understanding customer expectations through market research and open communication with employees contributes to the five service quality dimensions. If an organization can gain information about the market it can more effectively create superior service dimensions for the customer by identifying what the customer wants and how these wants fit into the market as a whole. Open communication with employees also allows the organization to gain first hand data on customer responses as employees often received on-the-spot feedback from customers. Parasuraman, et al (1985) also describes how management commitment to service and employee performance impact on how the service dimensions are perceived. Zeithaml Bitner (1996) describe the zone of tolerance and the two levels of service expectation, see figure 3. Figure 3 The zone of tolerance lies between a perceived adequate level of service and the desired level of service. Due to the nature of services variation can often arise from serving one customer to another. One customer may even experience different levels of service, or a lack or consistency, from one transaction to another. The zone of tolerance allows for an amount of variation where the customer still finds the service to be acceptable if the perceived level of service drops below the acceptable level the customer will become frustrated and dissatisfied. The zone of tolerance can increase or decrease for individual customers depending on factors including competition, price or importance of specific service attributes (Lovelock et al, p.127, 1999) For example, if a customer was given a complimentary holiday from a travel company they are likely to have a larger zone of tolerance than if they had paid full price. The level of service they receive may drop to below what they would usually accept but because the holiday was free they may not be dissatisfied. Just three years later Burrell and Gale (1987) show us the PIMS Principle (figure 4) and the relationship between Relative Quality and Relative Market share. This is a useful model to understand as it brings in the Return on Investment (ROI) which most models do not include. The equations are: High Market Share + High Quality = High ROI Low Market Share + Low Quality = Low ROI We must remember that service quality is rarely described as a cheap or short-term implemented part of business. Berry et al makes it clear that service quality is long term if it is to work. There are no ways to change the attitudes, habits, knowledge, and skills of human beings quickly. Service quality can add a valued differentiator to the products offered where goods in todays environment are largely undifferentiated. However, this will inevitably have an instant effect on bottom line success in that it will costing will increase. 3. Customer Satisfaction We can define customer satisfaction: Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provides a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment. Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) quote R. L. Oliver. Satisfaction happens when the customer perceives the product or service to at least meet their expectations. The customer may experience fulfillment, contentment, pleasure, delight or relief. If the customers needs or wants are not met he or she will become dissatisfied. Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) go on to compare customer satisfaction: Although they have certain things in common, satisfaction is generally viewed as a broader concept, whereas service quality assessment focuses specifically on dimensions of service. Based on this view, perceived service quality is a component of customer satisfaction. We can see how the Customer Perceptions of Quality Customer Satisfaction model (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003) is completed in figure 5. Figure 5 We can see that price is introduced as a contributing factor to customer satisfaction, whereas as price does not contribute to service quality. Most importantly, we can see that situational and personal factors influence customer satisfaction. These factors are beyond the control of the organization and are part of individual customers and what they bring with them to the market place. Customers emotions can also affect their perceptions of satisfaction, Positive emotions such as happiness, pleasure, elation and a sense of warm-heartednesss enhanced customers satisfaction (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003) Zeithaml are offering the notion of emotional transactions with the service delivery and if organizations factor this into the delivery it is likely to enduce a positive outcome of customer satisfaction, hence customer satisfaction is in itself an emotional state. This is important to marketers, as a customer with already positive emotions is likely to respond to the service quality with an already positive outlook when dealing with the supplier. Negative emotions will, however, have the opposite affect. negative emotions such as sadness, sorrow, regret and anger led to diminished customer satisfaction. (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003) Cronin Taylor (1992) describes the results from their study on Service Quality that they link to satisfaction and the relationship the results are as follows: (1) a performance-based measure of service quality may be an improved means of measuring the service quality construct, (2) service quality is an antecedent of consumer satisfaction, (3) consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on purchase intentions, (4) service quality has less effect on purchase intentions than does consumer satisfaction. 4. Defections Management Realising and effectively managing how and why customers decide to leave, or defect, from your company can have a positive impact on bottom line success. Companies can boost profits by almost 100% by retaining just 5% more of their customers. (Reichheld Sasser, p.105, 1990) Reichheld Sasser (1990) explain the cost of losing a customer in relation to the initial spend made by companies to gain the customer in the first place. An example of a credit card is used to demonstrate how attracting one customer can cost as much as $50 but this outlay is not recouped until year two. They explain that operating costs decrease the longer the customer stays with the company, and revenues increase year on year as the customer becomes more confident in using the service. Costs are likely to decrease as a more confident customer is expected to spend less time asking questions and more time making use of the service i.e. spending. Defections Management can also result in increased profits from referrals and price premiums. 5. Repeat Purchasing and Retention Customer repurchase intention is influenced by seven important factors service quality, equity and value, customer satisfaction, past loyalty, expected switching cost and brand preference. (Hellier et al, 2003) Past loyalty to the product is likely to influence the customer making another purchase simply due to the loyalty the customer feels towards the business. If a customer has been loyal in the past it may feel perfectly natural to carry on with a system that has worked in the past. Large organizations, for example, will often order supplies such as stationary from the same supplier because they have systems in place to make those orders due to past loyalties with the supplier. The expected switching cost can be a major contributing factor to repurchases in industries where joining fees or get-out clauses exist. Jones Sasser (1995) compare satisfaction with retention at Rank Xerox in the early 1990s (Figure 6). High levels of retention are not met until the customer is very satisfied. Just not dissatisfying the customer or even satisfying the customer is not enough to gain 50% or higher levels of retention. Rust et al (1995), however, say that scores of 5 will result in 97%, a score of 3s and 4s will result in 95% retention. We can see from this that satisfaction to retention varies from one organization to another, as well as from industry to industry. Figure 7 (Jones Sasser, 1995) displays how this relationship changes dependant on industry. A service such a telephone service provider (or most utility providers) often serve their customers because there is none or very little alternatives available. Contracts and notice to leave also result in customers staying with their service provider because it is more convenient, even if they are not especially satisfied. A motorcar supplier is shown to have the opposite affect as there is much choice in the market and customers are free to purchase how and when they like. Technological advances may also influence if and when a customer defects from one company to another, as they may desire new technology from a competitor. Robert Weisman, Boston Globe (2004) supports this notion: Some customers may feel trapped theyll continue doing business with their vendors because they have to, not because they want to. We can also explore the notion that loyal customers have a direct postive affect on bottom line business success. Much literature on loyal agrees that loyal customers will be more familiar with a companys transactional processes and therefore should find it cheaper to serve them (Reinartz et al, 2002) Reinartz et al (2002 ) do not agree fully that loyal customers have a direct positive affect on profits: Specifically, we discover little or no evidence to suggest that customers who purchase steadily from a company over time are necessarily cheaper to serve, less price sensitive, or particularly effective in bringing in new business.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
fotoexplorer essays
fotoexplorer essays FotoExplorer is an extension to the Windows 95 or Windows NT Explorer. It makes your digital camera appear as one of the devices inside the "My Computer" folder. It gives you a very simple and intuitive way to view and manipulate images directly from your digital camera without the extra steps of launching acquisition software. You can easily preview your images, delete those you don't like, save the ones you want to keep. You can insert pictures directly from the camera into a business presentation, an e-mail message, a report, or your Web page. You may also print an image, a batch of images or a collection of thumbnails without the need for any other software. It is not an image-editing tool. If you need to adjust color balance of your image or make it sharper you will have to use some image editing software. In that case FotoExplorer is still a perfect tool that allows you to select the images you want and drag them from your camera into the image editor. It is not a tool to print fancy layouts, greeting cards, calendars, etc. If that is your goal use FotoExplorer in combination with some specialized printing software. It is not many other things. It will not wake you up in the morning nor will it start your coffee machine, sorry. But if you own a digital camera it will make your life a little bit less complicated. Insert Disk 1 into your disk drive. Run (Double Click on) the file called setup.exe. The installer should lead you through the rest of the installation If, for some odd and inexplicable reason, you may wish to uninstall the FotoExplorer, you may do so by running Control Panels, Add/Remove software and select the FotoExplorer from the menu. After you install FotoExplorer you will have to tell it what kind of digital camera you have and what kind of connection it uses. To change the settings, open your Control Panel and double-click on "Digital Camera Settings" icon. If you ...
Friday, November 22, 2019
A New Ending to the Lord of the Flies
Instead of coming at me, like I thought he would he ran the opposite direction and started screaming at the top of his lungs. By now the fire was out of control; it was racing down the mountain side, faster than fast. I started to run again, this time I was running toward the beach. ââ¬Å"I need to get the littluns to safetyâ⬠I said to myself. I ran and ran to the beach and went to grab the conch were it should have been; but I stopped myself. The conch is gone just like Piggy. Shattered, into a million pieces. I fell to the ground with exhaustion and grief. I could feel the heat of the fire coming nearer and nearer. As Jacks hunters came closer to me I heard them chanting a different chant. I could have sworn that I hear Jack screaming in pain. Someone burst out of the trees, screaming in pain. ââ¬Å"Jack,â⬠I said to myself as I looked to see if I was right. Sure enough I was right, but this was worse than I imagined, he was on fire! Half of his body was burnt. He looked at me with a sad, hurt look. He ran past me and jumped into the ocean. Jack never resurfaced, and I wasnââ¬â¢t about to go and get him. I heard more screaming behind me. I knew they were coming after me so I ducked down and tried to not move. Maybe they wonââ¬â¢t notice me. It must have been ten minutes before I heard any noise coming out of the forest. But as everyone gathered around me it became silent. ââ¬Å"Is everything all right? â⬠I heard a somewhat familiar voice say. I looked up to see who was talking. I started to talk, but as I saw who it was my mouth just stayed open. ââ¬Å"Dad? â⬠I said in unbelief. ââ¬Å"I knew it. â⬠I yelled as I got up and ran to him. He stared as if I was dead. Maybe I am dead and this is all a dream. As I jumped in to his arms I was assured that I was alive when he caught me. He whispered in my ear. ââ¬Å"Ralph? Is that you? â⬠ââ¬Å"YES! â⬠I yelled ââ¬Å"it is me! â⬠I said more quietly. I started to cry out of relief. Dad started to cry too. ââ¬Å"I thought you were dead! â⬠he said barely above a whisper. ââ¬Å"Well, how many of you are there? â⬠he asked getting up and putting me down. ââ¬Å"Um, I really donââ¬â¢t know. There are a few kids dead. â⬠I said the last part a little quieter. ââ¬Å"Well than, who is the leader. Roger was standing next to me. When dad said this, I half expected him to claim the glory, and I was going to let him. Instead he backed up, as did all the other kids. Roger spoke up, ââ¬Å"Ralph is the leader. â⬠He said this with a sound of remorse. ââ¬Å"Ralph? How could you let this happen? â⬠dad sounded surprised that I could let everything get so out of hand . ââ¬Å"I tried to keep everything under control, but when jack got mad and left, everything went out of hand. You canââ¬â¢t honestly think that I could keep control over twenty some boys. I said this and started to cry. ââ¬Å"Well then I guess we should get you boyââ¬â¢s home. â⬠My dad said with a look of guilt on his face. I donââ¬â¢t blame him, though. On the ride home I couldnââ¬â¢t help but ask how mom is. She is fine apparently. I canââ¬â¢t wait to see her. Dad said she couldnââ¬â¢t get over the fact that I was gone. When we made sure that every one was home and good, we made our way home. As we arrived to the house I was reminded of the day I left here some time ago. As I burst through the door to start my life over.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Organizational Change - Essay Example This discussion evaluates the reasons for change and most probable responses to the intended change; further, change management as explained in the literature will be explored before concluding with key findings. Innumerable reasons drive organizations to bring about changes in various aspects such as strategies, structures, systems, leadership, services/products, markets etc. The process of substantive change is often a complex process and requires the involvement of many people at various levels, and sometimes even external entities. Reasons for changes can be external forces or internal forces. External forces include political, geographical, legal, social, market-related, competition etc; and internal forces are usually driven by external forces and may include changes to culture, leadership, new products/services, cultural differences etc. Most importantly, organizations are either required to adhere to new laws; adjust to new political systems; enter new geographical locations; introduce new products/services to meet new customer demands; and/or to stay competitive in the market. Internally, the reasons may include entry of new leaders at the top, which also results in changes in organizational culture and strategies; introduction of new organizational systems, technologies, and structures; introduction of new products/services etc. ... n common reasons for resistance, such as lack of information, misinterpretation of change, preference and liking towards the status quo, willingness and commitment, fear of performance-related attributes, and fear. Fear is mostly due to lack of information and understanding related to the need for change and its future impact; fear may also be due to notions attached to job security, status, position or role; fear of failure in performance and rewards and fear associated with increased workloads; fear of change in work groups and disruptions to established interrelationships; and fear of change in power and authority (Nelson & Quick, 2012). Another important point is that identified by Eccles (1994), i.e., lack of trust in management also causes fear and resistance to change (Dawson, 2003). Another perspective is that of emotional aspect developed by employees with respect to their job, relationships, position, performance, location etc (Jordan, 2004). Nelson and Quick (2012) assert that managing change requires the management to build trusting relationships with employees. Openness and transparency in communicating the reasons for change, process of change and expected outcomes of change can be a great beginning to change implementation. A shared vision related to the expected outcomes through intended change will improve commitment towards change. Most importantly, involvement and belongingness of employees are required for successful change. Before adopting strategies towards this effort, employee resistance should be addressed through clarity in roles and goals, and constant communication related to the progress of intended change. This will improve employee commitment and trust in management; it will also enhance involvement, cooperation and collaboration of
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